Making Maps from OpenStreetMap Data

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Version vom 27. Mai 2014, 15:53 Uhr von HTan (Diskussion | Beiträge) (→‎Step 1. Download, convert and clip OSM data)

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See also OSM, OpenStreetMap-Daten zu Karten aufbereiten (german) >> NOTE: This is work in progress... <<

Overview

This is a handbook - a how to/knowhow page - about making own web maps from OpenStreetMap data.

If you are looking for making nice own base (or background) maps with own styling for print or web eventually within own region, and without programming skills - then this is the place to look for. Examples of personalized base maps are blind maps (maps without labels), the watercolor map from Stamen, OpenCycleMap among others (see gallery).

If you are looking for making a thematic map on top of given base maps, use Maperitive or umap or other applications (see Geovisualisierung (german)). Examples of thematic maps is Wheelmap with infoboxes.

See also Map Making Overview at the official OSM Wiki.

NOTE: This is still work in progress. Our plan (see Team below) is to put everything in a single script file (tbd.).

Map Gallery

Here are some available maps (map styles) based on OSM data and the database schema (explained below):

  • Swiss Style (see also OpenEcoMap)

  • Vintage Map (see also Vintage Maps)

  • Quiet LA (see also Quiet Maps)

  • Hand Drawn Map

  • 8-bit Cities Map

  • Water Colour

  • Space Station Earth Map

  • Toner

Here are some other maps by category:

  • Topographic map styles:
    • OSM default style => osm.org (Slippy Map)
    • Swiss OSM style => osm.ch (de: Schweizer Kartenstil)
  • Background map styles:
    • Muted Base Map (Quiet style) => (Quiet L.A.)
      • Designed to serve as a muted backdrop for over­lay­ing data visu­al­iz­a­tions.
      • The goal of Quiet L.A. is to re­move ex­traneous de­tail, but re­tain enough in­form­a­tion for the re­gion to re­main re­cog­niz­able.
    • 8-Bit NYC is a lo-fi web map of New York City, inspired by 8-bit video games.
    • POI-less map style (de: Karte ohne POIs) => tbd.
    • Blank map (de: Stumme Karte) => tbd.
    • Grey (B&W) Background Map (de: Schwarz-Weiss-Karte): tbd.
  • Script map styles:
    • Vintage maps => Overview (Syn.: Treasure/Pirate Map; de: Vintage Map)
  • Fancy map styles:
  • Maps with distinct personalities:
    • Pinterest - Playful and handcrafted effect: Buffering and Meta Tiling, Entropy and Labeling
    • Park Conservancy - To get people to the parks: Shield and Marker Trick, Symbol Fonts and Unicode Characters, Map Scraps

Cookbook

  • Software: tbd.
  • Data: tbd.
  • Hardware: tbd.

See workflow.

Some background: Making maps actually means in this context transforming a dataset to graphics. Before being styled (or rendered) the dataset is being preprocessed which ultimately would be a one-click process - but it's not yet since technology and user demands are changing fast.

At least, we can make life easeier when the intermediate dataset structure is has some known rules: See e.g. database schema below.

Workflow:

  • Pls. note that this is still work in progress and thus experimental, suboptimal and at worst partially broken.
  • The workflow consists of following steps:
    • Step 0. Define map goals and prepare software and data.
    • Step 1. Download, convert and clip OSM data. You can skip to step 2 and jump to step 3 "Style data" if you are in a hurry.
    • Step 2. Enhance and preprocess SQLite dataset.
    • Step 3. Style data.
    • Step 4. Publish map.

As said before, our goal is to wrap step 1 and 2 into one single Python script.

Step 0. Define map goals and prepare software and data

Define map goals:

  • Choose from a map style
  • or prepare yourself to define an own style.

Prepare software and data:

  • Install software: OGR/Python, SpatiaLite, TileMill
  • Get config data, e.g. modified osmconf.ini
  • Prepare clip boundary (e.g. liechtenstein_schloss_bbox.geojson)
    • Search for the desired country boundary from OpenStreetMap and copy the Relation id
    • Open http://overpass-turbo.eu/ and insert the commands below with the desired Relation id
    • Export the data as geoJSON and open as layer in TileMill
 {type=relation}
 {id=...}
 <osm-script output="json">
 <id-query type="{type}" ref="{id}"/>
 <print mode="body"/>
 <recurse type="down"/>
 <print mode="skeleton"/>
 </osm-script>
  • An alternative to obtain the clip boundary is by WIWOSM which is a project to show a wikipedia article geometric objects from OSM.
    • For example if you want to clip the boundary of Rapperswil-Jona, simply obtain the Deutsch wikipedia page of Rapperswil-Jona which is http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapperswil-Jona
    • Note the wikipedia tag name (in this case it is Rapperswil-Jona) and replace it with Dresden.
    • Also note the language of the wiki and change to the appropriate language abbreviation (lang=de for Deutsch and lang=en for English).
    • To obtain the geojson file content, simply open QGIS and Add Vector Layer. Select Protocol and insert the URL with Type as GeoJSON and select Open.
  http://tools.wmflabs.org/wiwosm/osmjson/getGeoJSON.php?lang=de&article=Dresden
  http://tools.wmflabs.org/wiwosm/osmjson/getGeoJSON.php?lang=de&article=Rapperswil-Jona
 
  http://tools.wmflabs.org/wiwosm/osmjson/getGeoJSON.php?lang=en&article=Dresden
  http://tools.wmflabs.org/wiwosm/osmjson/getGeoJSON.php?lang=en&article=Singapore

Step 1. Download, convert and clip OSM data

  • Open command line shell (PBF file in, SQLite/SpatiaLite file out):
 > ogr2ogr -f "SQLite" liechtenstein.sqlite
   /vsicurl/http://download.geofabrik.de/europe/liechtenstein-latest.osm.pbf 
   -dsco SPATIALITE=YES -skipfailures -progress -overwrite 
   --config OSM_CONFIG_FILE osmconf.ini -gt 65536 
   -clipsrc liechtenstein_schloss_bbox.geojson -clipsrclayer OGRGeoJSON 
   -nlt PROMOTE_TO_MULTI


Open points:

  • Convert coordinates to Mercator?

Alternatives (not used further here; this does not mean they are unusable - in contrary! - but that the are just not considered for different reasons):

  • QGIS - reads PDF/OSM data with OGR (like we do here) but with default config and without preprocessing.
  • spatialite_osm_map (OSM import tool from Spatialite) - no config of own tag->attribute mapping, no clipping possible?
  • osm2pgsql - requires PostGIS which is cumbersome being another local server software.
  • osmosis - no tag->attribute mapping?

Step 2a. Enhance SQLite dataset

  • Enhance dataset by shuffling geo objects around (using Spatialite, SQLite file in/out)
  • Convert Polygons to Points and add them to points as POIs.
  • Eventually convert multilinestring to linestring (can TileMill/Mapnik and QGIS handle multilinestrings/multipolygons?).

Step 2b. Do some other preprocessing

  • use preprocessing tools (Python, SQLite file in/out)
  • line smoothing of streets
  • tbd.

Sources:

Ideas:

  • DB related:
    • Correct typos in tag values
    • Correct and unify tag names
  • Geometry related:
    • Generalise geometry (line simplification and/or line smoothing) streets, forest, water bodies,

Step 3. Style data

  • Start TileMill
    • TileMill uses CartoCSS as a stylesheet language and is a design environment used for cartography.
  • Using a specific font which is unavailable in TileMill
    • Create a directory to load fonts from in addition to the system directories
    • Set up font sets for various weights and styles.
    • Some suitable fonts/typefaces for a vintage pirate style are Aquiline and Mutlu
    • With the newly added fonts, we can apply it to legends, buildings etc at specific zoom levels and text size to suit the style of your map. 
 Map { font-directory: url(./fonts); } 
 @piratefont: "Aquiline","Mutlu","French Script MT Regular";

 text-name:'[Name]';
 text-face-name: "Aquiline";
 text-allow-overlap: true; /*Control whether overlapping text is shown or hidden*/
 text-fill:#bdaf5a;
 text-comp-op: color-burn;
 text-size:10;
 
 [zoom > 15] {text-size:13;}
 [zoom > 17] {text-size:16;}
 [zoom > 19] {text-size:19;}
 [zoom > 20] {text-size:22;}
  • Changing colours and texture of different elements and styles interaction with Compositing Operations
    • Some popular compositing operations for pirate style map are colour-burn and soft-light.
    • For a grainy effect, pick a suitable image with noise. An example is shown here
    • You can choose any other types of texture you wish to put on the background (or buildings) on your map by selecting a suitable image.
 polygon-pattern-file: url(img/noise512.png);
 polygon-pattern-comp-op: soft-light;
  • Line patterns with images
    • Sometimes we want to have different line styles to represent a brown dirty trail or a railway track for example. We first need to have a image file where the size should be rather small - the height of the image will be the width of the line pattern and the width of the image will be repeated along the length of the line.
 line-pattern-file:url(img/brownline.png);
  • Icons on POIs are important to make the map more interactive and detailed aesthetically. 
 [type = "restaurant"]{
  marker-file:url(img/restaurant.png);
  marker-width:40;
  [zoom = 22]{marker-width:80;}
  [zoom = 20]{marker-width:20;}
 }


Sources:

Step 4. Publish map

Database Schema

Table names and name rules (schema) of OSM data source:

  • osm_points
  • osm_lines
  • osm_polygons
  • osm_roads, osm_roads_gen0, ...
  • osm_pois
  • osm_boundaries (osm_boundaries_gen0, osm_boundaries_gen1, ...)

Table names follow the schema "<prefix>_<name>_<postfix>" e.g. for zoom levels:

  • 0-10 => <name>_gen0
  • 11-14 => <name>_gen1
  • >= 12 => <name>

Auxiliary data source:

  • Boundaries
  • Terrain

Notes

See also Diskussion:Making Maps from OpenStreetMap Data.

Team

Von «https://giswiki.hsr.ch/index.php?title=Making_Maps_from_OpenStreetMap_Data&oldid=50811»